Health Education as a core course for teacher education: to improve the mental health
by
Akintunde, P. G. (PhD)
Department of Vocational Education and Special
University of Calabar
Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
and
Olanipekun, Fola O.
Olabisi Onabanjo University
First-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
Summary
This paper is primarily concerned with the role of teachers in improving the mental health of students. It discuses the factual picture of the functions of teachers in changing social and environmental education, establishing community in the realization of human needs (mental health) that are otherwise ignored. This complex of public expectations of the role of teachers' duties nastavnika.Iščekivanje seems diffuse, they are in some measure serve as social workers and perform the duties other than classroom teaching. Their responsibility for social practice in a changing environment, particularly in a misleading mental health are discussed and recommendations made.
Keywords:. Health education for teacher education, teacher education in mental health, health education is a necessity for teachers
Introduction
World Health Organization (WHO) (1946) adopted the definition of health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely absence of disease and infirmity", the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946 was signed on 22 July 1946 representatives of 61 countries (WHO Official Records No. 2 100). It shall come into force on 7 April 1948, which declared health as a fundamental human right.
The complex nature of public expectations of teachers' duties require the need for them to have social training that will meet the challenge stems from the changing environment. School health education aims to make healthy learning experiences, a healthy environment (physical and mental health), and positive interpersonal relationships between teachers and students and students within and outside the school environment.
Healthful school life, which consists of emotional health, healthy relationships, among other things, provide a safe and healthy environment. Three times the goal of education for the school health environment of healthy people in healthy communities, healthy environment.
health lies in the functional interaction between the individual and his environment is not determined in relation to individual izolacije.Klinička figure shows the interaction of psychological, physiological and structural factors. At a time when a man falls ill, he retreated into an infantile type of mental state, type of adoption that neurosis is a normal part of the patient's reaction to his illness (Canestrari, 1963 ).
However, understanding the mental health of individual teachers and society in general to be useful in the conversion of the strange and wild experience at an early stage, the size and responsibility in later life. Teachers are expected to have a motivational impact on their students. Teachers have more to play an important role in student stress management. Students should be educated about the impact of stress on the achievements and understand human behavior and how it affects other people in the environment (Olanipekun, 2006 ).
Keywords:. Health education for teacher education, teacher education in mental health, health education is a necessity for teachers
Mental Health
Mental health is a term to describe any level of cognitive or emotional well-being or lack of mental disorder. This may include an individual's ability to enjoy life and to ensure a balance between life activities and efforts to achieve psychological resilience (About.com, 2006). This is considered an expression of those emotions which indicates successful adaptation to a range of applications.
World Health Organization (2005) defines mental health as "a state of wellbeing in which the individual realizes his / her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his / her community. "However, the organization recognizes that a complete definition may not be available due to cultural, religious and general environmental impact of the establishment, recognition of mental health disorders. World Health Research (2001) explains that the definition of mental health depends on cultural differences, subjective assessments and competing professional theories, because they affect mental health as defined.
Mental Disorders
definition of mental disorder is a key issue for mental health and for users and providers of mental health. Most international clinical documents use the term "mental disorder", and some define it as a psychological or behavioral pattern associated with distress or disability.
mental disorders are defined as a disorder of the brain circuits likely caused by developmental processes formed a complex interaction of genetics and experience. It is a psychological or behavioral pattern associated with distress or disability that occurs in an individual and not part of normal development and culture (Yolken and Torrey, 1995 ).
recognition and understanding of mental health has changed over time and across cultures, there are still variations in the definition, assessment and classification of mental disorders, although standard guideline criteria are widely accepted. Diagnosed by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists using various methods, often relying on observation and questioning in the interviews. Treatment provides a variety of mental health professionals.
Yolken and Torrey (1995) notes that there are some diagnoses, such as childhood and adult antisocial personality disorder or psychotic, defined by and in itself is associated with behavioral problems and violence. There are conflicting results about the extent to which certain specific symptoms, particularly some kind of psychosis (hallucinations or delusions), which may occur in the disorder such as schizophrenia, delusional disorder or mood disorder, are associated with increased risk of serious violence in the average.
Recently, in Global Mental Health was created, defined as "an area of study, research and practice that places a priority on improving mental health for all people" (Patel and Prince, 2010). Intermediation factors violent offenses, however, most consistently found to be mainly socio-demographic and socio-economic factors such as age, gender, lower socioeconomic status, and especially the abuse of narcotic drugs (including alcohol) that some people may be particularly vulnerable (Stuart, 2003).
types of mental disorders
in the categories of mental disorders. There are many aspects of human behavior and personality that can become a disorder. The amount of work they had classifications Yolken and Torrey (1995), Kitchener and Jorma (2002) and Keyes (2002 ).
anxiety disorders : when anxiety or fear interferes with normal functioning. This can include phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, obsessions, compulsive disorder, and post traumatic stress disorder.
affective disorders : affective (emotion / mood), the process can become a disorder. These include mood disorders (unusually intense and sustained sadness, melancholia or despair) known as major depression or clinical depression (mild, but still a long depression can be diagnosed as Dysthymia ).
bipolar disorder (manic depression) : This involves abnormally "high or pressured mood states, known as mania / hypomania, alternating with normal / depressed mood Yolken and Torrey (. 1995) states that the unipolar and bipolar mood phenomena represent different categories of disorder or whether they tend to mix and blend together with a range of dimensions or the mood under discussion in the scientific literature.
sample certificate, use of language and perception can become a disorder. Examples are delusions, thought disorder and hallucinations. This is called a psychotic disorder (delusional disorder and schizophrenia ).
Schizoaffective Disorder . It is a term used for those individuals that exhibit aspects of the schizophrenia and affective disorders
Personality Disorders . Paranoid, schizoid and schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic / narcissistic, avoidant, dependent / obsessive-compulsive
adjustment disorder : This is the inability to sufficiently adapt to life circumstances begin within three months from an event or situation and ends within six months after the stressor stops or is eliminated.
eating disorder . Anorexia, bulimia nervosa, bulimia or binge eating to exercise
sexual disorders . Gender identification disorder, dyspareunia, and ego-dystonic homosexuality
sleep disorder insomnia
tic disorders . Tourette's syndrome, kleptomania, pyromania, gambling, addiction or substance abuse or dependence in this category
behavioral : The inability to behave normally, and expects discipline in society. If this continues into adulthood, can be diagnosed as anti-social personality disorder ( psychopath ).
Prevalence
Mental disorders are common in the world. WHO (2000) notes that one in three people in most communities report sufficient criteria for at least one at some point in their lives.
Sanfford (1978), states that many children have behaviors that conflict with a reasonable school environment that can not be described as a healthy one, and still affects their work and adapt them for others. Carter, Briggs-Gowan, and Davis (2004) claims that many children show differences in age appropriate behavior that interferes with the child's own growth and development and / or other issues.
The causes of mental disorders
mental disorders can arise from a combination of sources. In many cases there is no accepted cause of the currently established. This is usually the belief that mental disorder resulting from genetic vulnerability exposed to environmental stress.
, which (2000) reveals that there is a strong relationship between the various forms of serious and complex mental disorders in adulthood and abuse (physical, sexual or emotional) or neglect of children in the developing years. According to the report 'of child sexual abuse "only plays a significant percentage of all mental disorders in adult females, the most notable example is an eating disorder and borderline personality disorder.
Jefferoate (1969) explains that the environment can cause or trigger of physical or mental illness, and the psyche affects the development of organic diseases in remote parts of the body, and the disease breeds anxiety, and this in turn gives rise bolesti.Mentalnog health of an individual depends on the continued satisfaction special accessories in the form of his psychological stimulation, the ability to give and receive love and affection, to be dependent and to be depended upon. When one or more of these is / are missing the level of mental health is a result of changes in mental illness.
considered the following factors or causes of mental disorders (WHO, 2000; Steadman, Mulvey, Monahan, Robbins, Appelbaum, Grissom, Roth, and Silver, 1998, a Kitchener and Jorma, 2002 ):
Studies have shown that genes often play an important role in the development of mental disorders, although reliable identification of relationships between individual genes and specific categories of disorders has proven difficult.
Environmental events surrounding pregnancy and childbirth were involved.
traumatic brain injury may increase the risk of developing certain mental disorders.
There has been some tentative links inconsistently found that certain viral infections, for substance abuse, and general physical health.
No comments:
Post a Comment